ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology is a diverse field that exploits the properties of nano-sized materials for broad applications like medicine, optics, electronics, and environmental science. Different physical, chemical and biological methods are used for synthesizing the nanoparticles. Nanomaterials synthesized using biological materials, such as plant extracts or microorganisms, are called “bionanomaterials.” These bionanomaterials are nontoxic, biodegradable, and have a broad range of applications in different sectors, such as medical as drug diagnostic and delivery tools and the environmental sector for treating various pollutants. Certain critical factors like pH, temperature, reaction time and many more influence their biosynthesis process. Hence, it is essential to control and monitor these factors during the process to obtain the desired structure of bionanomaterial. Biocomposites are the bionanomaterials integrated with natural polymers like cellulose and starch. Some applications of bionanocomposites are in the food industry as packaging material and in the medical sector as artificial joints which are economically beneficial. Investigation in this field continues, using different natural materials in the synthesis of nanomaterials and nanocomposites along with their properties and sustainability. This chapter comprises the various factors that affect the synthesis of bionanoparticles and bionanocomposites.
