ABSTRACT
A comprehensive summary of the recent advances and future scientific orientations in bionanotechnology was discussed in this chapter. It includes materials, devices, and systems that could be used in environmental pollution monitoring and control measures; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear sensing. Researchers are investigating the fate and transport of nanoparticles and developing recommendations for a risk-assessment model to address the societal consequences and concerns connected with nanotechnology. In a biological context, the significance of degradation kinetics in the formation of harmless by-products is discussed. Because of its distinctive physicochemical characteristics, porous silicon (pSi)-based nanomaterials including nanoparticles, nanowires, and thin films are being portrayed as more important in a wide range of biological applications and clinical contexts, according to the authors. Radiation sensors are important for many applications and are widely used in sectors such as health and research. They are also utilised in space technology for applications such as safety and security as well as quality control, imaging, and therapy in areas such as medicine and research. In this chapter, we proposed a roadmap for the future of nanomaterials in terms of complexity, nexus of disciplines, and the emergence of green nanotechnologies to monitor and control air and water pollution through bionanomaterial-based sensors.
