ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology is a growing field of multidisciplinary development with numerous applications in the medical, electrical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural fields. Nanomaterials range in size from 1 to 100 nm, only those whose size in this range is called nanomaterials. Different properties of nanomaterials, for example, biological, physical, and optical are due to their small particle size and large geographical area. A major factor limiting the 200production of plants is the pests of plants. Nanotechnology is emerging as nanoencapsulation, and the use of nanostructure catalyst has emerged as one of the most common pest control methods. Nanofertilizer are carriers of synthetic ingredients formed using nano-sized substrates of 1–100 nm. Due to their broad geographical location, nanoparticles can absorb nutrients excessively and release slowly in such a way that it resembles the absorption of nutrients as a plant requirement without the adverse effects of conventional fertilizers. Nanofertilizers and nanocomposites also have their utility in the control of releasing nutrients from the fertilizer, which improves the efficiency of the nutrients while preventing the organic ions from being consumed or lost in the environment. Nanoparticles, when used as nanopesticides, can help fight crop diseases by targeting pathogens. It is an agrochemical mixture used to reduce the problems produced due to the use of conventional pesticides. Nanosilver is the nanoparticle widely used in biological systems. The fried nanosilver removes unwanted germs from growing the soil and prevents a few other plant diseases. The use of various nanofertilizers plays a significant role in increasing crop yields, which will decrease the expenditure for fertilizer for crop production and reduce the risk of contamination. In this chapter, the available data relating to the scope and application of nanotechnology has been extensively analyzed for their present and future applications in the fight against the challenges of soil nutrition and crop protection.
