ABSTRACT
Colostrum is the first mammary gland secretion obtained after parturition, which significantly boosts up the immunity of the newborn. Bovine colostrum contains less lactose and more protein as compared to normal milk. Thus, it may become suitable for the consumption of lactose-intolerant people. It is also rich in immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, cytokines, lactoperoxidase, hormones, thyroxine, nucleotides, polyamines, growth factors, and antimicrobial factors. Immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase present in colostrum are well known to exhibit antimicrobial defense against harmful microbes. Lactoferrin also has antiviral, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and anticancer activities. Anti-stress, antiviral as well as antitumor properties have been reported for α-lactalbumin, whereas lysozyme has been proven to alleviate the symptoms of inflammation of tissue near teeth. The activity of the insulin-like growth factor is higher in colostrum in comparison with normal milk. The presence of such functional components in colostrum extends their therapeutic role by helping in the prevention or cure of various illnesses. This enables colostrum a unique source of components for pharmaceutical, nutraceuticals, and functional food products. This chapter explores the composition, application, and nutraceutical potential of colostrum.
