ABSTRACT
The disastrous effects of COVID-19 on health, education, and economy prompt for the development of an effective vaccine candidate in order to this global issue. The vaccine candidature against COVID-19 depends on the virus spike (S) protein engrained with the property of pathogenicity. Previously, a number of vaccines have been developed utilizing the envelope (E) protein, nucleocapsid (N) protein, and the non-structural proteins. The imminent vaccine candidates for COVID-19 may be divided into 10 types: mRNA-based, DNA, viral vector-based, subunit protein-based, inactivated whole virus (IWVV), replicating/non-replicating, live attenuated (LAV), VVr +Antigen-presenting cell, and VVnr +Antigen-presenting cell vaccines. This literature work exclusively discusses the available vaccine platforms and candidates’ status, pandemic progress, targets, and challenges in vaccine development, the proposed designs in the pipeline (pre-clinical and clinical trials with ethical principles), and global access to COVID-19 vaccines. The traditional/classical versus vaccine candidates for COVID-19 is also a part of the intensive discussion.
