ABSTRACT
Conventional cutting fluids like oil and water-based fluids were applied in the machining industry in order to lubricate and cool the cutting area. These conventional cutting fluids have negative consequences for the environment and human health. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) with biodegradable oils is a proven alternative to flood coolant and conventional lubricants. It provides appropriate steps to reduce fluid consumption in metal cutting processes; at the same time, the heat transfer rate from the cutting zone is also reduced. With the developments in nanotechnology, the properties of the fluids can be enhanced by the addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid. The applicability of the fluids as coolants is mainly due to their enhanced thermo-physical properties resulting from nanoparticle inclusion. In the past decade, many researchers have reported enhancement in thermophysical properties of cutting fluid with the inclusion of ceramic and metallic nanoparticles. However, many research activities in the field are still needed to overcome the stability and conductivity. Meanwhile, a new class of nanofluids marked as hybrid nanofluids has been streamlined with increased thermal properties and stability to improve the heat transfer rate needed for machining.
