ABSTRACT
Agriculture has launched many sustainable and eco-friendly programs. The goal of contemporary agriculture is to reduce expenses without sacrificing quality or output. The discovery of organic compounds capable of activating plant metabolism could lead to a cost-effective, short-term increase in plant function. A variety of plant substances from natural origins have beneficial effects on plant growth and development, resistance to stress, and increased crop yields and quality; these substances are called bio-stimulants or bio-stimulators. Bio-stimulants are substances that are naturally available or produced synthetically which can be used for seedlings, plants, and soil. These compounds can lead to amendments in the essential signs, structural operations to affect the plant maturation by increasing the abiotic stress resistance, as well as to enhance the efficiency and purity of grains. Their mechanism may be different when applied to different products. Some types of stimulation of soil micro-organisms, reduce the growth rate, promote growth, increase yield, and improve the health of plants. The effects of bio-stimulants are noted in many physiological, morphological, biochemical, epigenomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic changes. The use of bio-stimulants in crop plants provides a high level of stability due to the use of essential nutrients, in addition, there is an increase in resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, which enhances the internal and external qualities. Their use can lead to an increase in the quality and quantity of various flowering products. Bio-stimulants help to lower the requirement for plant nutrients, encourage plant development, as well as providing high tolerance to various abiotic stresses. When these chemicals are added in low concentration, they are effective, which contributes to the smooth operation of plant processes, which will enable a high yield and good quality of the product. Therefore, bio-stimulants play a major role in sustainable production.
