ABSTRACT
In recent decades, the application of nanotechnology has been widely used in the fields of diverse disciplines. The extensive ubiquitous nature of nanowires was considerably applied in the medical, agriculture, electronic, and sports’ industries. Accompanying such application patterns, emissions on the way to the aquatic environments are extremely feasible, using meager evidence concerning the probable toxicity of these nanowires to ecological dwelling species. Increased utilization and eventual dumping of nanowires from the manufacturing area lead to the contamination of the ecosystem. An acquaintance of nanowires in the environment amends biological and physicochemical alterations of terrestrial and aquatic creatures. Continuous introduction of aquatic creatures to these nanowires results in bioaccumulation and dispersal into interior body parts like liver, kidney, gills, brain, and muscle tissue. Moreover, they induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and epigenetic inhabiting organisms. Keeping this in mind, the current chapter focuses on the toxic mechanism of engineered nanowires on aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
