ABSTRACT
In female mammals, mechanisms have been developed to combine nutritional, environmental, and hormonal inputs in order to promote reproduction under optimum energy conditions and to suppress it in the event of food scarcity. During the typical reproductive years of the female, which are marked by monthly rhythmical fluctuations in the rates of female hormone release, the ovaries and other sexual organs undergo physiological changes. The female reproductive system is made up of the lower tract (vulva and vagina) and upper tract (uterus, cervix, uterine [fallopian] tubes, and ovaries). Reproduction and metabolism are tightly connected and mutually regulated processes in female mammals. Energy metabolism in female mammals is focused on reproductive requirements since the energetic expenditures of puberty, pregnancy, and lactation depend on women's ability to preserve oxidizable fuels. Due to decreased insulin sensitivity, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes have been reported to be more susceptible to infertility. Additionally, reproductive health issues plague women worldwide on a regular basis. It may be distressing to experience infertility as a result of these disorders. Even though therapies for infertility and other reproductive issues have advanced significantly, more effective solutions are still required. The majority of adverse effects from fertility medications are mild and include aching, infection, blood blisters, swelling, or bruising at the injection site. Similar to how multiple births are more likely while taking drugs like clomid, ovarian hyperstimulation, a disease that causes ovaries to expand and become more sensitive, is also a possibility. Lastly, a number of studies suggest that regular exercise and a balanced diet, particularly the daily intake of a variety of nutritional groups, may significantly enhance reproductive outcomes. The identification of a fertility diet continues to be the holy grail of treating female infertility.
