ABSTRACT
Urine is a non-invasive, abundantly available complex bodily fluid with a number of biomarkers for a wide variety of diseases. Hence, a urine chemistry panel will enable the determination of a person's health/physiological status in an easily accessible and noninvasive manner. More recently with the emphasis on identifying rapid test for COVID-19, urine has been considered to be a noninvasive body fluid towards enabling rapid point-of-care tests. Human urine contains numerous biomarkers that are associated with both chronic and acute diseases. The key advantage of using urinary biomarkers over the traditional measurements of inflammatory biomarkers in blood is that urine is quiescent and that molecular activity of a given biomarker does not change much after sampling. Unlike blood, urine proteins do not clot or coagulate, and therefore the need for anticoagulation treatment after collection is eliminated. Human urine contains several carcinogenic biomarkers such as tumor suppressor genes that are also correlated with clinicopathological variables and diagnosis of diseases.
