ABSTRACT
The population explosion of the 21st century has adversely affected natural resources with restricted availability of cultivable land, increased average temperatures due to global warming, and carbon footprints resulting in a drastic increase in floods as well as droughts, thus making food security a significant worry for most countries. The traditional methods were no longer sufficient, which paved the way for technological ascents such as a substantial rise in artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and robotics providing high productivity, functional efficiency, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness in the domain of agriculture. AI, IoT, and robotics-based devices and methods have produced new paradigms and opportunities in agriculture. AI’s existing approaches are soil management, crop disease identification, weed identification, and management in collaboration with IoT devices. The IoT has utilized automatic agricultural operations and real-time monitoring with the need to employ few personnel. The major existing applications of agricultural robotics are for the function of soil preparation, planting, monitoring, harvesting, and storage. In this paper, researchers have explored a comprehensive overview of the recent implementation, scopes, opportunities, challenges, limitations, and future research instructions of AI, IoT, and robotics-based methodology in the agriculture sector.
