ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery is an emerging field for current biomedical research and potential use in human pathology. It has added a new dimension in disease biology. Several types of nanoparticles have been synthesized and shown to provide a diverse effect on human biology. Surface modifications further render several nanoconjugates highly compatible with plasma membranes. Due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, nanotechnology has a high ability to enhance drug efficiency. As a therapeutic agent, nanoparticles are used as an antimicrobial agent via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Studies have also shown that nanoconjugate-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) may be viable localized treatments for several types of cancer. Several nanoconjugates have been found to retard β-sheet-rich fibril formation, and they show potential use for the control of the neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It is also reported that some nanosystems can disassemble the β-sheet-rich fibril, which is often implicated in the pathology of amyloid diseases. In addition to therapeutic applications, nanomaterials have several different kinds of diagnostics applications such as their ability to detect viral diseases, for example, HIV and COVID, via improved antigen sensitivity in ELISA; cancer diagnosis by the detection of circulating tumor cells; and neurodegenerative diseases by providing clues from the early detection of amyloid formation.
