ABSTRACT
Environmental degradation is on a rise with increase in deforestation, industrialization, pollution, population explosion, and rapid advancement of technology. Biomes including plants, animals, and microbes present in diverse environments across the globe like soil, ocean, plants, human beings are threatened. These habitats are found to have pivotal role in maintaining and restoring natural environment. Human interventions are impacting the function and diversity of these microbiome that play a pivotal role in maintaining and restoring natural environment, with serious implications. But surprisingly their capability to adapt to different environments and to evolve rapidly had helped them survive and contribute to the environment. This chapter discusses the scientific research on the diverse roles (such as carbon sequestering, bioremediation, alternative source of energy, rhizoremediation, and phytoremediation) played different microbiomes and microbial strains.
