ABSTRACT
By reducing the interfacial tension, biosurfactants increase solubility and the contact area of insoluble compounds and encourage the flexibility, bioavailability, and biodegradation efficiency of insoluble compounds. The oral route of drug intake is the most highly adapted method and the ideal method of delivery because of its suitability and comfort of absorption, but for many drugs, it can be difficult due to poor solubility, which will lead to low bioavailability. Some of the common glycolipid biosurfactants, such as rhamnolipids, trehalolipids, sophorolipids, and mannosylerythritol lipids, encompass mono- and disaccharides shared with long-chain aliphatic acids or hydroxy-aliphatic acids. The initial stage in the production of rhamnolipids comprises synthesis of the sugar part encompassing rhamnose from D-glucose and the hydrophobic acid part from fatty acids. Supplementary lipopeptide biosurfactants, iturin, lichenysin, and arthrofactin, are also produced by comparable synthase complexes.
