ABSTRACT
Biomolecules, which are involved in various biochemical and biological processes, are currently applied as ‘biomarkers’ to diagnose health conditions, such as strokes, diabetes, and even cancers. A complex interaction of factors, such as demographic shifts, global movement of people and animals, ecological and climate changes, etc., have led to the emergence of an expanding number of new diseases. In order for a biosensor to function efficiently, the biological analytes should be attached properly to the transducers. For this reason, the appropriate molecular environment must be provided to ensure adequate biocatalyst activities as well as to sustain the stability of the biomolecule using the right immobilisation method. Monitor any alterations in charge distribution and dielectric properties while the analyte-receptor complex is formed on the electrode surface, which plays a central role in the overall performance. With the advantage of advances in microchip technology and nanotechnology, innovative commercial biosensors will soon take their place in the medical devices market for medical applications.
