ABSTRACT
The penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in a low-inertia, stand-alone microgrid system is prone to severe stability issues due to the intermittent availability of RES such as wind and solar photovoltaic energy. Power system characteristics are specified by the voltage and the frequency. Any irregularities may prompt unbalance in the system. The system considered comprises a typical load cycle of peak and off-peak hours. Peak hour generation and demand mismatch are major concerns that affect the power system characteristics. Several control strategies have been proposed to mitigate abnormality; and demand side management (DSM) proves to be an effective solution during peak hours with the help of thermostatically controllable loads (TCLs) and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS). However, during off-peak hours, incorporating DSM is unfeasible. Additionally, voltage unbalances in the load invoke negative sequence components, and sudden load variation causes frequency deviation. Hence, during off-peak hours, to nullify frequency and voltage unbalance, feedback control strategies are enforced to maintain stability. Therefore, this chapter addresses a clear picture of solutions for peak and off-peak hours by reviewing several control strategies that maintaining the standard IEEE 1547.4 for voltage and frequency. A rigorous literature survey is also performed to elucidate the gaps in the existing literature so that researchers can provide quality research for future microgrids.
