ABSTRACT
The present scenario of the enhanced human population has led to an increase in the demand for grain production to feed billions. On the other hand, climate change due to anthropogenic activities also significantly affected the production and productivity especially of cereals and tubers crops. Photosynthesis is an integral metabolism of the plant which fixes CO2 by the process of carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), catalyzed by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase–oxygenase (Rubisco), to yield two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA). Photosynthesis is significantly affected due to change in climate that might include heat, drought, and other kinds of abiotic stresses. Plant has developed different strategies of C3 and C4 mechanisms to enhance carbon concentration mechanism in the vicinity of RuBiCo enzyme to have photosynthetically efficiency. Photorespiration is another mechanism of recycling of CO2 which is a necessary evil mainly in C3 plants. In this chapter, we have tried to provide insight into the carbon concentration mechanism under different abiotic stresses in plants.
