ABSTRACT
Future ship operations will be diversified to various sea areas, including the Southern Hemisphere, where weather conditions and geography are different from those in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. However, studies on the validation of current models in these areas are scarce. In this study, new maneuvering algorithms were constructed for 28,000-DWT bulk carriers commuting between Indonesia and Uruguay across the Indian and South Atlantic oceans. The simulated results were comparable to the measured ship tracks for rough seas, including head and bow quartering seas. However, the interpolation of weather data must be corrected when a ship closely passes a land.
