ABSTRACT
In the growing world, sustainable agriculture and natural compounds are of global interest, and feeding the increasing population without risk or with minimum risk for human health and a healthy environment is particularly important. Understanding plant physiology and protecting plant nature against biotic and abiotic stresses can help humans achieve this target as well as the sustainability of food production, especially against biotic stress, because abiotic stress may be a reason for severe damage to weakened plants due to attacks of biotic factors. Nano-size biopolymers with their unique properties have been reported with regard to their beneficial effects on different plants in terms of growth and development, yield, and plant protection against biotic and abiotic stresses.The proper application of exogenous nano-biopolymers as elicitors may be understood from plant nature in response to pathogens and their defense mechanisms for biosynthesizing natural compounds against biotic stress. In this chapter, we introduce the available nano-materials and their biopolymer structures and effective elements in plant responses, and plant–pathogen/pest reactions at the levels of molecules and organs/tissues/cells.
