ABSTRACT
Modernization with groundbreaking technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain, has uplifted the Internet. IoT technology has attracted many real-time applications, such as smart healthcare systems, smart cities, Industry 5.0, and many more, to strengthen the nation’s economy and people’s quality of life. Numerous IoT devices are interconnected with physical machines to offer diverse use cases at hyper-scale. Figure 5.1 shows the forecasting data, i.e., the number of IoT devices connected globally from 2019 to 2035 [1]. It consists of different small-scale physical devices that can sense their surrounding environment and collect and transmit the data to other physical devices to accomplish a shared task. For instance, temperature sensors are essential indicators for equipment checks in the smart industry. Any unexpected fluctuations or instabilities in the temperature reading indicate that the equipment is not working correctly. Such changes need to be sent to other temperature sensors and alert the administrator for predictive maintenance. Moreover, these sensors use IoT communication protocols, such as message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT), constrained application protocol (CoAP), data distribution service (DDS), and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), to communicate with each other. This enables different sensors to relay critical data via these communication protocols to offer proactive services.
