ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a lifelong metabolic disorder, which affects people around the world. Ancient Egyptians were the first people who described diabetes as a mysterious disease. It has been estimated that by 2045, 629 million people will be diabetic patients. The three common types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational DM. Diabetes results from insufficient insulin secretion or poor insulin-directed form beta cells in pancreas. Symptoms of diabetes can include weight loss, polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyuria (frequent urination). Complications like blindness, cardiovascular disease, and even death can occur if diabetes is not treated. It can be diagnosed by fasting plasma glucose, random plasma glucose, and oral glucose tolerance tests. Treatment of DM includes insulin injections, oral antidiabetic pills, controlling lifestyle, and using of some remedies like herps to help in controlling high blood sugar. Prevention and management of DM depend on several factors including avoiding of carbohydrates and meat intake, avoiding of tobacco and alcohol along with using appropriate medications.
