ABSTRACT
Plant production faces many challenges including biotic and abiotic stresses. Consequently, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is activated and resulted in oxidative stress and may cause death in plants; however, in some cases, the plant has a strong defense system that may face these circumstances. Using nanomaterials is an attractive way for such circumstances; it can boost the defense system of plants, improve plant growth and development, and enhance the quality and the quantity of yields. Also, nanomaterials are applied as fertilizers to effectively supply nutrients (macro- and micronutrients) because of many of their advantages such as high surface area, ability to penetrate plants, higher reactivity with other chemicals, and others. Furthermore, nanomaterials are widely used to remediate toxic compounds in the environment. However, the use of nanomaterials in the agriculture sector needs to be precise because the high concentration of these materials may make them stressors for plants.
