ABSTRACT
With increasing awareness towards abating environmental deterioration and climate change, achieving energy neutrality in any and every process is the endeavor of the scientific community worldwide. A number of studies have surfaced evaluating energy potentials of different kinds of waste streams, since the concept of integrated wastewater biorefineries was first analyzed. The technique of synthesis of biogas from waste streams has already been established and in practice worldwide. Researchers have further streamlined numerous methods to bridge the shortfalls arising in realization of integrated wastewater treatment and biorefineries. Conceptualization of such effective systems prove to be relevant considering industrial scale synthesis and use of biobased fuels, although providing advantages over conventional petroleum-based products, is still restricted by high cost expenditure inherent in the process. This chapter articulates the outlook of present trends in efficient bio-energy extraction from wastewater resources for sustainability concerns with special emphasis on the application of extremophiles.
