ABSTRACT
Internet of things (IoT) is a smart technology that connects all the things anywhere at any time. Such multiuse nature of IoT is responsible for draining out energy from its resources. Therefore, the energy efficiency of IoT resources has emerged as a major research topic currently. This chapter presents an energy-efficient architecture for IoT, which consists of three layers, namely, sensing and control, information processing, and presentation. The architectural design of IoT allows the system to ensure the sleep interval of sensors based upon their remaining battery level, their previous usage history, and quality of information required for any particular application. The obtained value can be used to boost the utilization of cloud resources by reprovisioning the allocated resources it has when the corresponding sensory nodes are in sleep mode. This mechanism allows the energy-efficient utilization of all the IoT resources in nature. Wireless sensor network (WSN) and low-power smart device network IoT are fast-growing technologies used in a wide range of applications. In IoT, nodes are defined as sensor/actuators, which are highly constrained in nature (limited in energy and CPU usage). Designing and analyzing energy-efficient network architecture and routing mechanism is a major challenge in IoT networks. The network is said as energy-efficient based on node survivability. Energy-efficient network architecture is used to prolong the network lifetime. Sensor nodes and relay nodes are placed in a hierarchical manner to avoid uneven energy drainage. Given the architecture, sensors do the sensing and relay nodes handle the communication (data transmission from the sensor to sink), which reduces the complexity of device. Relay node is placed based on data traffic of the network. Energy-efficient routing mechanism is implemented in a given architecture to achieve balanced energy consumption.
