ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the grounds-up approach is adopted to allow the reader to appreciate the three elements that participate in neural stimulation and sensing, namely the neuronal element, the tissue element, and the tissue–electrode element. Research into the causes of neurological diseases affecting motor functions, cognition, and emotional well-being increasingly points toward malfunctions in neural circuits. Neurons are the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system and transmit information via both electrical and chemical signals. Electrical signals are typically used to transmit information for long distances within neurons while chemical signals are used to communicate between the neurons at short distances. The cell body or soma of the neuron is similar in function to other cells; it is responsible for the cells basic function, contains the nucleus, and produces neuronal proteins. Together with the cell body, the dendrites receive and process incoming information.
