ABSTRACT
This chapter analyses automation by decomposing it into different concepts that are emphasized separately in the literature of automation design. It presents the A-RCRAFT framework that provides support for the analysis of automation design in terms of Allocation of Resources, of Control Transitions, of Responsibility, of Authority, and of Functions and Tasks (A-RCRAFT). The chapter illustrates how this framework can be used to analyse different options of driving automation design according to the SAE J3016 levels of driving automation. Norman emphasizes the problem of communication feedback and feedforward with automation through civil aircraft examples, Bradshaw alert about the potential issues of low observability and low understandability caused by highly automated but silent systems. The chapter focuses on a tool-supported process to support the systematic identification and representation of the five dimensions of the A-RCRAFT framework during automation design.
