ABSTRACT
In the field of education, causal relationships have been successfully studied with field observations studies with case studies and ethnographic studies. Qualitatively studying causal relationships involves deeply describing events or situations that are causal, describing in depth the effects, connecting and describing the processes of causality, and explaining the institutional context where causal relationship with temporal elements manifests. In the 21st century, qualitative research needs to be accessible and to establish bridges of communication with the political world and with educators. Qualitative research must address the problems of education systems and generate rich and detailed information about these problems, and their institutional and cultural contexts, to respond to needs of educational policies and the teaching strategies needed by educators. In the 21st century, educational research needs a paradigm that organizes it to address the complexity of education and educational systems. This should facilitate improving the practice of education and educational policies in the context of the complexity of education systems.
