ABSTRACT
A sensor is a device that detects an event and turns it into an electrical, mechanical, or another form. In diverse application areas like phones, electronic and electronic devices, mechanical devices, industries, etc., sensors can be utilized. There are diverse varieties of sensors such as seismic, optical, magnetic, infrared, thermal, acoustic, and radar, which can examine an outsized variety of ambient circumstances. There are several resource constraints on a sensor, like storage, energy, communication, and computation capabilities. A sensor network can be constructed by coalescing identical or diverse sensors. In the wireless sensor network, physical information is sensed by a set of independent sensors and also transmitted to main locations through the network. Armed forces applications, such as the supervision of the battlefield, are motivated by the development of sensor networks. 238As of today, we can find their applications in process control, device status monitoring, health monitoring through body area networks, civil and disaster management, environmental, and commercial applications, etc. These kinds of networks can also be utilized to supervise and analyze tornado/storm movement, monitor the warmth of the surrounding volcano, and monitor wild animal behavior. In this chapter, we intend to present an inclusive analysis of the recent literature on prolonging the lifetime and coverage area of sensor networks.
