ABSTRACT
A survey of the commercial landscape is also presented, which reviews wireless powering technologies available in marketed medical implantable devices or those in advanced stages of formal product development. In just the past few years, there has been a surge in the area of wireless powering which is evident by the release of wirelessly rechargeable products and the recent formation of consortiums and standards to address the high-volume consumer electronics market. Wireless powering for implantable medical applications has been around for decades but faces unique challenges due to interactions with the biological environment. Far-field-based wireless powering techniques are challenging in biomedical applications due to the significant interactions of biological tissue with high-frequency electromagnetic waves. One of the most important goals of the medical device industry is to make better devices for patients. A couple key areas for improvement are device size and lifetime.
