ABSTRACT
Antibiotic resistance has exacerbated health problems and lowered the effectiveness of treatment, having a negative influence on natural life. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is proven to have the effects to potentially lessen the issues associated with antimicrobial resistance. aPDT is effective by utilising photosensitisers (PSs), which are light-sensitive agents, and it is applied in an oxygen-enriched system. The formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) species will help in cellular destruction and is formed when photosensitisers (PSs) are exposed to sunlight photosensitisers are exposed to sunlight. Hence these photosensitisers (PSs) are highly effective against various potential pathogens bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Synthetic chemical natural photosensitisers (PSs) from plants and various extracts are reported to be effective against such pathogens. The search for novel photosensitisers (PSs) against antibiotic-resistant pathogens is one of the intense areas of research. Several techniques such as cell surface engineering, bioinformatics and computational approaches, cotreatment with cell membrane damages, cell surface engineering, sonodynamic therapy, and ROS production are being investigated as novel photosensitisers with improved properties. This chapter deals with natural photosensitisers (PSs) with antimicrobial properties, and discusses strategies to overcome the limitations of natural photosensitisers (PSs) and their effect on experiment models.
