ABSTRACT
Hydrogen appears to be a perfect energy carrier attributable to its lightweight, abundance, and global oxidation product as in water (H2O) form. However, the storage of hydrogen remains a big task. In the coming decade, H2 as a fuel will be used in place of fossil fuels where all applications exist by fossil fuel. Hydrogen would propose instant profits in terms of decreased pollution and a clean environment. In this chapter, solar H2 production methods are discussed and compared to their related parameters. The detailed literature is also deliberated in terms of the importance of hydrogen energy as an energy carrier, risks and their issues, hydrogen applications, and hydrogen storage methods. Important processes such as photochemical, thermochemical, and electrochemical methods in order to hydrogen yield via solar-based energy are critically analyzed from environmental, economic, and technical points of view. It is overall determined that the development of methods to increase the production of hydrogen from solar energy will continue to achieve competitive costs for hydrogen production. H2 occurs as an essential energy carrier that holds miscellaneous applications such as the production of ammonia, hydrogenation, methanol synthesis, rocket fuel, ethanol, and other known sectors. Particularly in the transport sector, H2 plays a vital role and takes more potential benefits over traditional fuels as well as petroleum and natural gas (CH4).
