ABSTRACT
Greek sage, also known as Salvia fruticosa Mill., is a shrub or perennial herb native to the eastern Mediterranean, including the Canary Islands, North Africa, southern Italy, and Israel. The essential oil from S. fruticosa is applied topically to the stomach to treat dysmenorrhea and is used as a disinfectant on open wounds and bruises. The leaf infusion is used to treat different conditions, including colds, coughs, stomach aches, constipation, cardiovascular illness, diuretics, antiseptics, ulcers, sterility, respiratory diseases, and brain disorders. Autumn sage, also known as Salvia greggii A. Gray., is commonly found in the Mexican and Texan regions of the United States. Similar to Salvia officinalis, it is a soft, evergreen shrub. The antioxidant and inhibitory properties of S. greggii regulates obesity and diabetes. Flowers of S. greggii are edible, while leaves are utilized in teas and as seasonings in food. The plant species is used in traditional medicine as herbal antidiabetic and antiobesity medication, as well as to treat oral and 214digestive issues. Significant levels of bioactive substances such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics are present in S. fruticosa. Aliphatic compounds, volatile monoterpenes, phenylpropanoids, and sesquiterpenes constitute the essential oil of S. greggii. They include cirsimaritin, ellagic acid, luteolin, genkwanin, α-thujone, caryophyllene, cineole, sabinene, α-cadinene, ursolic acid, quercetin, and rosmarinic acid. This chapter summarizes the bioactive components of both Salvia fruticosa and Salvia greggii and its various pharmacological activities.
