ABSTRACT
The demand for unconventional water resources in many countries is vital to meet the water needs of increasing actions of populations, so reuse of petroleum wastewater is becoming eligible as a method of water supply extension. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes are theses membranes having a pore size in the order of nanometers (nm) (1×10−9 m). NF membranes are used in the removal of heavy metals and pesticides from groundwater, separation of organic compounds in wastewater treatment, and water recycling in many industrial processes especially petroleum processes.
Artificial intelligence (AI) was used in membrane technology as a result of high energy consumption for process control and optimization of membrane design and development. A sustainable environment for membrane technology was integrated by AI model. There are variety in properties of these membranes based on verity in its thermal resistance, surface charge, roughness, and chemical stability. Conversion of agrowaste and wastes into energy and valuable products like biochar is a new strategy that has been proposed by many countries that can be used for a range of applications. Biochar is used in membrane technology as a biobased, ecofriendly, and cheap material.
