ABSTRACT
The various approaches to wastewater treatment in recent years have focussed on the reuse applications of sewage sludge. Precisely, the treatment of wastewater involves the restoration of the water to desirable quality. The sewage sludge is primarily recognized to be a dispersive system consisting of the water as a non-dispersive phase and a dispersed phase encompassing a solid phase. The sewage sludge stands specific characteristic features and benefits on account of the fact that it constitutes a plethora of biogenic elements as well as organic matters. In order to explore the presence of such various elements, the scientific community has employed the following approaches in a practical way: membrane-based approaches, precipitation, extraction, biogranulation technology, microwave (MW) chemistry, nanotechnology, and electrodialysis. The efforts paid in these regards, especially with special reference to recovery technology, direct the scientific community to rectify the concerns allied with sludge waste management. Based on the discussion regarding the aforesaid technologies, it appears that the advanced technologies are extremely valuable to recover the energy and other significant elements from sewage sludges.
