ABSTRACT
Development of nanoparticles using environmental benign strategy is gaining more attention among the researchers for the fabrication of noble metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanocomposites. The synthetic protocol using biological method is considered to be non-hazardous, simple, and lucrative does not produce any toxic byproducts. Biological synthetic protocol utilizes plants and their parts such as root, stem, flower, leaf, and microbes such as bacteria, fungi, algae, etc. Plant-based synthesis is more favorable than the microbe-mediated synthesis due to the maintenance of sterile environmental conditions. The plants are the renowned factories of bio constituents such as flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, anthocyanin, etc., which act as reducing and capping agents. The phytoconstituents standalone act as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal agent while the nanomaterials synthesized using these biomolecules possess enhanced biocidal activities which act as a pivotal candidate in various fields, especially in environmental and biomedical applications. The utilization of plant materials for the synthesis of nanomaterials not only reduces the operation cost but also minimizes energy utilization in comparison to physiochemical method of synthesis, also the need of employing hazardous chemicals or the production of toxic byproducts, stimulates the usage of “green synthetic process”. Implementing plant-mediated synthesis would be unquestionably a strong step toward sustainable development. Green nanotechnology seeks its application in almost all areas of science and technology, agriculture is no exception. Vast development in the field has to happen for the establishment of nanotechnology in various fields especially agro-industrial sector as agriculture is known as the backbone of our economy. Therefore, the present review is intended to recapitulate the ongoing developments and progress made in the green fabrication of nanomaterials and their various applications in several fields of biomedicine.
