ABSTRACT
Based on different environments different path losses are experienced by radio waves. Consequently, different radio propagation modelling should be employed to estimate the electric field strength. This chapter discusses three deterministic propagation models including Friis free-space model, two-ray model and the Egli model. The two-ray model is an improvement of the Friis model. The Egli model is also an improvement of the two-ray model. The chapter provides the means to quantify the received signal. The power received is proportional to the fourth power of the distance between the transmitter and receiver and the product of the squares of their antenna heights. This simplified expression holds in most cellular communication systems including GSM, UMTS and LTE. The recourse to propagation models and diffraction models is to ensure more accurate estimate of the received signal which also accounts for the effects of the terrain separating the base station and receiving terminals.
