ABSTRACT
Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique to access the electrical properties of various materials, where a sinusoidal signal (generally voltage) is applied to the measurement system comprising the sample to observe impedance change in a particular range of frequency. The obtained impedance values are usually fit in an electrical circuit model to further interpret the behavior of the analyte sample to understand its properties. EIS can be efficiently utilized in various biological and nonbiological domains to study the behavior of various analytes or chemical/biochemical/biological processes. The characterization of bioanalytical applications is one of the most important application areas of EIS, where the behavioral change of the biological analyte is captured efficiently. Keeping the vitality of this topic in mind, this chapter discusses the basic measurement and application aspects associated with impedance characterization of various bioanalytical applications, viz. biomedical engineering, cell culture monitoring, food quality tracking, bacterial detection/differentiation, human health tracking/analysis, biosensors, and DNA/RNA detection.
