ABSTRACT
The term “nano” always raises a question about whether is it small or huge. “Nano” implies one billionth (10–9), such as of a meter, which is small, but if we focus on the application of nanotechnology it is huge. Nanotechnology is that division of technology which deals with materials having at least one or more dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm. This vast nanomaterial range opens the gateway for scientists to utilize the distinct optical, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of materials which show significant enhancements in their inherent properties on account of dominating quantum effects. Nanotechnology is a perfect combination of science and engineering which comprises of basic knowledge and concept of physics, chemistry, and biology, along with advancements in designing and manufacturing on the basis of engineering and technology. Nanotechnology has seen an emerging trend in biological applications, specifically in combination with biotechnology principles. Biotechnology in alliance with nanotechnology principles is paving the foundation for a new field of “bionanotechnology,” with vast applications in the areas of medicine, industry, agriculture, and the environment. This chapter provides an overview of the emerging nanotechnology and related dimensions in terms of its applications, current challenges, and future perspective.
