ABSTRACT
Researchers have demonstrated bioenergy production (biogas, bioethanol, hydrogen, etc.) by using agricultural waste through different conversion pathways. Agriculture waste and waste emitted from agro-based industries are non-woody biomass, highly degradable, and frequently available, which present suitable feedstock for bioenergy production. The important crop residues for bioenergy production are as follows: It is the most widely cultivated crop. Sugar cane bagasse is a potential substrate for bioethanol production, and when integrated with sugar cane ethanol mill, it lowers the production cost. The thermochemical process involves combustion, torrefaction, liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification, while biochemical conversion pathways consist of anaerobic digestion, fermentation, hydrolysis, etc. Thermochemical conversion process is a potential way to convert lignocellulosic biomass into bioenergy products. Lignocellulosic content is found in significant amount in crop residues, which mainly consists of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Gasification occurs through a sequential process, that is, dehydration, pyrolysis, cracking, reduction, and combustion.
