ABSTRACT
This chapter covers the broad aspects of importance of carbon sequestration and the relevance of its biological resources. Wastewater organics can also be consumed as a carbon source by microalgae and is an important carbon sequestration target. However, recently, algae had found their major application in carbon sequestration and biofuel production. Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulphur are major nutrients required by microalgae for their growth and development. These nutrients play a major role in microalgal carbon sequestration potential and lipid production. Nitrogen is of crucial importance to microalgae as it is related to the primary metabolism in microalgal cells, forming an essential component of amino acids composed of protein and nucleic acid. Wastewater from industrial, municipal food processing and agricultural runoff, sludge waste streams contains major as well as minor nutrient elements required by microalgae. Microalgae have been highlighted as potential biological resources, depicting the significance of coupling the carbon sequestration technology with biofuel production pathway for a sustainable future.
