ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the application of biosorbents in the separation of radionuclides was reviewed and discussed with modern examples. Currently, the separation of radionuclides from environmental examples is an urgent task in modern engineering sciences. Chitosan-based biosorbents were new and green technology in the separation of radionuclides. In addition to this, the animal organ, plant parts and algal, fungal and bacterial biosorbents were suggested as effective in the separation of radionuclides. The effective natural polymer-based biosorbents contained the following good characteristics: (i) the natural polymer-based biosorbents have good mechanic, chemical, physical, diffusion, porosity and adsorption performances; (ii) these materials are easily recycled and regenerated materials after the biosorption of radionuclides with the strong alkaline and acidic medium; (iii) they can separate the radionuclides from the wastewater and other environmental examples at the high rate and effective; (iv) the selectivity of these materials for the separation of radionuclides was high; (v) the sorption capacitance for radionuclides was relatively higher than the traditional methods.
