ABSTRACT
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are highly reactive man-made or naturally occurring hydrocarbons that are toxic to humans and can be detrimental to the environment. VOCs are characterized by a low boiling point, high saturation vapor pressure, high volatility and are lighter than air. VOCs are highly pervasive in the environment and are difficult and expensive to remove. This chapter explores the process of biosorption for removing VOC from the environment. Emphasis is given to the process of biosorption using microorganisms, specifically heterotrophic bacteria and fungi due to their ability to detoxify organic and inorganic pollutants. This is based on the fact that the conventionally available alternatives are generally expensive, environmentally unfriendly and dependent on the concentration of waste. The chapter also explores the use of macro- and microalgae in the biosorption of VOC, especially for the removal of petroleum-based soluble compounds. Other strategies, particularly biosorption of VOC by food waste materials and the use of synthetic biosorbents, are discussed in detail.
