ABSTRACT
Biosorption is an alternative process for treating heavy metals. A physicochemical passive metabolite-independent method employs biosorbents derived from non-living biological materials. Various ways, including absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation, and precipitation, are used in the physically, chemically, and metabolically distinct biosorption mechanisms. The application of the biosorption process to agricultural, industrial, pharmaceutical, textile, and other ecological waste is attracting attention. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models have shown a good fit for most of the contaminants (dyes and heavy metals) investigated in biosorption. Some techniques for treating heavy metals and dyes include chemical methods, membrane separation, electrochemistry, reduction, oxidation, flotation, and ion exchange. However, there are several drawbacks to the current treatment methods, including high operating and maintenance costs, complicated procedures, high chemical intake, and high levels of toxic waste production. It took a new approach with the mushroom-based biosorbents to remove these toxic compounds. High accumulation potential and a shorter life span are some of the advantages of using mushrooms as biosorbents. This chapter covers the mechanism and kinetics of biosorption and mushroom-based biosorbents might serve as a potential and eco-friendly biosorbent for removing heavy metals and dyes released from different industries.
