ABSTRACT
Trees, forests, and plantations are crucial parts of a sustainable, productive, and sound environment as these provide livelihoods and environmental services. Over 1.5 billion people across the world, rely on forests for livelihoods. Understanding tree mortality due to pathogens is at the center of any prediction of forest functions and dynamics. Tree mortality has large impacts on both short-term forest functioning and long-term ecosystem dynamics, yet our understanding of the mechanisms leading to mortality and our ability to predict the occurrence, mortality, and its impact over space and time is still limited, therefore needs sincere efforts. Given this, the utmost priority is to identify the disease incidence at the early stage and develop the distribution of the disease incidences and insect-pest infestations to strategically evaluate the forest health for conservation, protection, and habitat restoration. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have importance in various biological and chemical sensing. Plant pathogens are also one of the major elements detected using AuNPs. The extraordinary traits, higher surface area-to-volume ratio, tuneable optical properties, and simplicity in manufacturing techniques, increased usage in numerous analytical platforms of plant diseases (Lei et al. 2021). Nano-biotechnology is a capable tool for sustainable disease marking and detection in forestry. Nevertheless, nanocarriers, such as metal nanoparticles (NPs) with unique physiochemical properties fundamentally heighten plant development and environmental changes. This biological role of nanoparticles depends on their physiochemical properties, application method (foliar delivery, hydroponics, and soil), and applied concentration. Here, we will discuss gold nanomaterial and forest plant diseases with examples of some detection strategies.
