ABSTRACT
In a Conscientious Review of Algorithms, Equipment, Policies, and Protocols Pertaining to Vehicle Identification and Passengers Identification in Public Transportation to Fortify Smart City Indices, public transport (PT) is an essential and necessary aid for commuting in cities or urban areas. It is widely used as the most popular platform of mass transport in the world due to its reliability and economy. However, private vehicle transport also exists beside public transportation, such as institutional or organizational transport and private ownership of vehicles like cars. The sustainability of PT is always a great challenge. It is one of the indicators in smart city development, i.e., a hassle-free transportation of citizens for fulfilling various purposes. Thus, the regulation of the vehicles is important in this scenario to operate smoothly on the shared infrastructure, i.e., the roads and tracks. Identifying the vehicles and the respective types is essential to moderate the traffic issues. A license plate is the most important label on a vehicle that identifies itself and its legal owners. However, the number plates can also be copied and used to disguise a vehicle which could lead to criminals escaping after an incident. In some cases, it may be confusing for officers at the other end of the international call as they do not know where and when the vehicle is coming from. The main objective of vehicle identification systems is to regulate information about a vehicle and its owner with the aim of reducing human efforts. Furthermore, the identification of the passengers is useful in improving the public transportation mediums, such as buses, trains, etc., and hired vehicles like taxis, by tracking the information of individual passengers who are fed to the planning to improve the adaptability and safety of passengers. Overall, the identification of vehicles and passengers in PT is necessary to improve the transportation system and regulate operations. In this context, the various techniques used in the identification of vehicles and passengers are investigated by the proposed chapter, through which the enhancement of passengers can be achieved for public transportation in a smart city environment.
