ABSTRACT
The last three decades witnessed the development of rDNA and the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and genetically modified microorganisms (GMM) and their application in various fields like; medicine, pharmacology, basic science, and agriculture. Their use on one side brought a revolution in agriculture and many other fields, but at the same time, it developed concerns on biohazards of these organisms. In this chapter, a brief review is provided concerning different biohazards and safety guidelines to use them as per the guideline of NIH and EPA.
