ABSTRACT
Swertia is a genus of theGentianaceae (gentian family) comprising species having usually deep blue or azure, but can be white, cream, yellow, or red, flowers. Many members of this genus have medicinal and cultural importance in Bhutan, China, India, Japan, and Nepal. From this genus, Swertia chirayita is well-known for their medicinal values. It is an indigenous plant species mostly found in the Himalayan regions. It is used in conventional and traditional medical systems, such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. The medicinal usage of S. chirayta is well-documented in Indian pharmaceutical codex, the American and British pharmacopeias. Traditionally, the herb is effectively used in the treatment of malaria, liver disorders, and diabetes. This herb has a bitter taste due to the presence of bioactive compounds. Pharmacological data shows that these bioactive compounds are effective against various human diseases. The high demand of S. chirayita and its overharvesting, as well as destruction of habitat, put the plant species on the verge of extinction. The conservation of this valuable plant population is important for both human and environment. The aim of this chapter is to give a current status of scientific knowledge on the medicinal uses, pharmacological activities, phytochemistry, safety evaluation, and potential use and prospects of Swertia genus, and to explore more about S. chirayita.
