ABSTRACT
Nanomaterials (NMs) have established themselves as a potent and promising alternative to glitches, limitations, and grand challenges existing in different areas of biological science. Currently, antimicrobial resistance, low agriculture productivity, malnutrition, stress management, lifestyle associated diseases are some of the key issues in bioscience. Medicine is most influenced sectors by nanotechnology interventions; different NMs are likely candidates for answering alarming issue of microbial drug resistance, targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, cancer management, diagnostic imaging as well as in the development of artificial implants with more longevity and acceptance inside the body. In food science, NMs drastically improved some important areas such as detection of food adulteration, improvement in bioavailability of active ingredients, increasing shelf life, and ecofriendly food packaging. Agriculture is the backbone of developing countries, NMs are coming up with exciting products such as nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, precision farming, detection, and inhibition of phytopathogens. Apart from above well-established application of NMs, there are several areas of biology in which these tiny entities can play 206determining role, such as wastewater purification, development of smart sensors, recombinant DNA technology, and gene therapy to name a few. Nowadays, many reports have suggested toxic effects exhibited by NMs, and this aspect is more important when we are intended to apply NMs in biological applications. Therefore, during fabrication of NMs, safe by design approach should be used so as NMs will be safe not only for end users but also for non-target organisms present in soil and water reservoirs.
