ABSTRACT
Nowadays, because of rapid industrialization enormous amounts of effluents are discharging into the water bodies and contaminating them. If these effluents are left untreated, they will pollute both the soil and water bodies. These effluents are dangerous to aquatic animals and human life because they contains harmful chemicals like heavy metals (cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury, chromium). So it is very much important to treat such pollutants to safeguard the ecosystem. Nowadays, efficient novel and cost-effective approach methods are developing. In this regard, microbe-based heavy metal bioremediation is becoming the alternative to conventional technique. Bacterial remediation, mycoremediation, remediation with genetically modified microorganism, and phytoremediation are the important types of bioremediation approaches. This chapter explains about the capabilities of different types of novel microorganisms like poly extremophilic microorganism and other types in bioremediation, improvement, and devise based on novel and sustainable microbe nanotechnology and discussion of the molecular and genetic basis of metal resistance in microorganisms.
