ABSTRACT
Antibiotics are indispensable and being used by a large group of humans, animals, and pharmaceutical sectors for the treatment of different bacterial diseases. Due to the daily increase of residual antibiotics occurrence in our living environment, many scientists are doing research studies for the removal of such pollutants from wastewaters. Nowadays, for the human safety and to live in a cleaner environmental, we need to pay a special attention to minimize the water pollution due to the extensive use of antibiotics. Antibiotics residues in the wastewater, even in very small amounts, can easily cause resistance in bacterial populations. This will of course automatically reduce their therapeutic effectiveness against infectious diseases. It is necessary to point out the fact that around 30–90% of antibiotic dose can remain undegradable in the human or animal body which greatly discharged as an active compound. In our living environment, the elimination of imperfectly 62metabolized antibiotics by humans and animals should be considered as the primary source of antibiotic residues. Other origins are the transfer of unwanted or unused antibiotics from pharmaceutical industrial sectors. It is worth mentioning that the detection of antibiotics traces in drinking water, surface and ground water, and hospital wastewater, etc. has been reported in many research studies. For this reason, it is vital to increase global research studies into efficient and effective processes for removing antibiotics from the our living environment.
